In vivo studies of the SERT-selective [18F]FPBM and VMAT2-selective [18F]AV-133 radiotracers in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.

INTRODUCTION: The utility of [(18)F]FPBM [2-(2'-((dimethylamino)methyl)-4'-(3-[(18)F]-fluoropropoxy)phenylthio)benzenamine], a selective serotonin transporter (SERT) tracer, and [(18)F]AV-133 [(+)-2-Hydroxy-3-isobutyl-9-(3-fluoropropoxy)-10-methoxy-1,2,3,4,6,7-hexahydro-11bH-benzo[a]quinolizine], a selective vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) tracer, were tested in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) unilateral lesioned rat model. METHODS: Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of three 6-OHDA unilateral lesioned male Sprague Dawley rats (Rats 1-3) were performed with [(18)F]FPBM and [(18)F]AV-133 to examine whether changes in SERT and VMAT2 binding, respectively, could be detected in the brain. The brains of the three rats were then removed and examined by in vitro autoradiography with [(18)F]FPBM and the dopamine transporter ligand, [(125)I]IPT [N-(3'-[(125)I]-iodopropen-2'-yl)-2-beta-carbomethoxy-3-beta-(4-chloro phenyl) tropane, for confirmation. Biodistribution of [(18)F]FPBM in a separate group of p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) treated rats were also performed. RESULTS: PET image analysis showed varying levels of SERT binding reduction (Rat 1=-11%, Rat 2=-4%, Rat 3=-43%; n=2) and a clear and definitive loss of VMAT2 binding (Rat 1=-87%, Rat 2=-72%, and Rat 3=-91%; n=1) in the left striatum when compared to the right (non-lesioned side) striatum. The results from PET imaging were corroborated with quantitative in vitro autoradiography. Rats treated with a selective serotonin toxin (p-chloroamphetamine) showed a significant reduction of [(18)F]FPBM uptake in the cortex and hypothalamus regions of the brain. CONCLUSION: The preliminary data suggest that [(18)F]FPBM and [(18)F]AV-133 may be useful for the examination of serotonergic and dopaminergic neuron integrity, respectively, in the living brain.

Effects of reserpine and p-chloroamphetamine on 5-HT metabolism and release in the cerebral ganglia of Inachis io (Lepidoptera)

There have been few pharmacological studies of serotonergic system dynamics ininsects. A more precise knowledge of the response of serotonergic neurons to drugswill contribute to understanding of the role of this neurotransmitter in insect behaviour.The present work was carried out to study several aspects of serotonin (5-HT)metabolism and release in an insect, the butterfly Inachis io. The effects of a singleintra-abdominal injection of reserpine (30 ìg/insect) or p-chloroamphetamine (50ìg/insect) on cerebral ganglia 5-HT metabolism and release were studied. Afterreserpine injection a depletion of 5-HT stores concomitant with an increase in Nacetylserotoninlevels was observed, but not significant alteration of extraneuronal 5-HT release was observed. Administration of p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) inducedextraneuronal 5-HT release, together with inhibition of its reuptake. Finally, a singleinjection of p-chloroamphetamine in reserpine-treated insects was able to induce newrelease of 5-HT. Reserpine interferes with the vesicular storage of 5-HT, but does notaffect the process of neuronal release, while PCA induces the synaptic release of 5-HT and inhibits its reuptake. These effects are similar to those observed in mammals (AU)

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Analgesia induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor agonists is blocked or reversed by noradrenaline-depletion in rats.

The antinociceptive effect of acute administration of 5-HT receptor agonists and agents releasing 5-HT from neuronal terminals was studied in rats by using the hot-plate, tail-flick and shock-titration tests. Noradrenaline depletion by the noradrenaline-neurotoxin N-2-chloroethyl-N-ethyl-2-bromo-benzylamine hydrochloride (DSP4, 2 X 50 mg/kg) blocked the analgesia induced by the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor agonists 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) and quipazine, as well as that induced by acute release of 5-HT by p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) and increased 5-HT synthesis by 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). Analgesia in the tail-flick test was partly blocked by both methergoline and mianserin, whereas the analgesic effects of 5-MeODMT in the hot-plate and shock-titration tests were unaffected by the 5-HT antagonists. In the shock-titration test it was found that the DSP4-pretreated animals were made hyperalgesic by acute 5-MeODMT, and this hyperalgesia was blocked by both mianserin and methergoline, implying that this effect was 5-HT receptor mediated. It is therefore concluded that a functional central noradrenergic system is required for eliciting 5-HT receptor mediated analgesia, and that these interactions, at least in part, are probably spinally located.

Cytotoxicity of p-chloroamphetamine in dimethylhydrazine-induced carcinomata of rat colon.

Previous studies have shown that several serotonin-related compounds are cytotoxic to dimethylhydrazine-induced carcinomata of the colon of rat. This paper reports the cytotoxicity of another serotonin-related compound, p-chloroamphetamine.